4cr This course examines the ways that the social construct of race relies on racisms that permeate public life. Race and racism are entrenched in social structures and institutions yet shift over time and space. We examine the historical and contemporary ways that racism and race mutually implicate and reinforce negative societal opportunities and outcomes. Students analyze the consequences of racial meaning-making by exploring the ways race has been used to justify practices of colonization, enslavement and disenfranchisement as well as current forms of economic, political, and social subordination. Students deepen their understanding and appreciation of the ways that America's ethnoracial self-understanding has depended on a global context of racism from the colonial era to the present.